Sarah's Big Five Factors|陈淑桦的五大人格
歌手的性格通常会影响她做的决定。在这里,我们总结1983-1988年报刊对陈淑桦的200篇报道,从中抽出关于她性格的描述。我们用现代人格理论,即“五大人格论” (Big-Five factors model),来分析陈淑桦那时公开的性格,以此重新理解性格和她音乐风格的关系。
A singer’s personality often shapes how she makes decisions. Here, drawing on the first 200 period reports about Sarah Chen published between 1983-1988, we make an informed estimate of her personality traits according to the Big Five Factors model1 and reflect on the connection between those traits and her music.
"Be My True Self" is the Cantonese version of the theme song for "Swordsman III: The East Is Red." Composer: Jonathan Lee; Lyricist: Pan Wei-Yuan
粤语版「做个真的我」曲:李宗盛;词:潘伟源
"The Mundane World" is the Mandarin version of the same song, a movie starring Brigitte Lin. Composer: Jonathan Lee; Lyricist: Li Man-Ting
华语版「笑红尘」曲:李宗盛;词:厉曼婷
The song that fits Sarah Chen’s personality best is the theme song for the 1993 wuxia film Swordsman III: The East Is Red. The song has two versions, the Cantonese “Be My True Self” and the Mandarin “The Mundane World,” both sung by Sarah Chen. The lyrics differ, but both express a desire to be oneself and live a carefree life.
The film was an adaptation of Jin Yong’s wuxia novel Swordsman, centering on the final battle involving the martial world’s most feared villain, the Invincible East. Originally a man, the Invincible East (portrayed by Brigitte Lin) gradually became feminine because of the deadly martial art he practiced. In the film, the Invincible East arrives at a prostitutes’ camp appearing as a woman. He sings the song as the women surround him, and later saves them from an attack.
This was the second film in which Sarah Chen collaborated with Brigitte Lin, three years after the 1990 blockbuster Red Dust. Both films and their theme songs became major hits. The Swordsman series was culturally, but not historically, grounded. Lin’s success came from her portrayal of a gender-conflicted man who comes to accept a transformed self. Chen’s success, on the other hand, came from the song itself, especially as it became detached from the film.
Looking back at Sarah Chen’s career and her eventual decision to abandon her beloved music, one cannot help but feel that this song was written for her. The lyrics of The Mundane World cut deep. They feel like Chen’s declaration of independence as she frees herself from the burdens of the mortal world. The beauty and love in Chen’s music are for the world; the pain is hers alone.
最反映陈淑桦性格的歌曲可以说是1993年「笑傲江湖 3」电影的主题曲。这首歌的粤语版是「做个真的我」,华语版是「笑红尘」,都由陈淑桦演唱。两版的歌词不同,但都表达了对自我的认可和对置身世外的渴求。
1993年的电影改编于金庸的武侠小说,主题是东方不败和令狐冲的最后一战。东方不败(由林青霞扮演)原本是个男人,但他练的葵花宝典使他逐渐女性化。在电影里,这首歌出现在夜晚的一幕,当时女装的东方不败遇到一群妓女,她们看着他弹唱了这首歌;事后他将那些女人从恶人手中救出。
这部电影是陈淑桦和林青霞第二次合作;三年前的「滚滚红尘」对她俩来说都是很成功的表现。「笑傲江湖」是传统文化的一部分,但虚拟的故事情节没有太多历史意义。林青霞的成功来自她精确地掌握了东方不败在性别转变中对自己的接受,而陈淑桦的成功主要是歌曲自身,尤其是在歌曲逐渐和电影脱离以后。
回首看陈淑桦的生涯和她最终离开乐坛的抉择,让人感觉这首歌原本是写给她的。「笑红尘」的歌词用在陈淑桦身上再贴切不过,仿佛是陈淑桦独立于尘世的宣言。她音乐里的美丽和爱归属于大家,而痛苦却是她自己的。
Ask any longtime Sarah Chen fan, and they will likely tell you that her blood type is A and she is a Taurus. To a newcomer and outsider like me, that knowledge seems surprising. I do not even know my own astrological sign, let alone someone else’s. Yet interviews with Sarah Chen in the 1980s show that blood type and astrological sign, much as her birthday and hobbies, were central to her public image2,3.
In these reports, blood type and astrological sign often function as a proxy for her personality. A 1983 Singaporean magazine article4, for example, linked Chen’s dedication to her work with blood type A. A 1986 article from Taiwan reported that Chen wished her mother’s blood type would change to A so that they could get along even better5. In a 1988 Hong Kong interview6, Chen cited her astrological sign, Taurus, as the reason she probably would not have actively pursued singing opportunities had one not been offered to her.
It is unclear whether Chen or the media truly believed in these associations. Blood-type theory, while influential in parts of East Asia7, has little empirical support8, including in research from Taiwan9. Its appeal may lie elsewhere: it provides a simple and socially acceptable way to explain personality differences without assigning blames.
But what do blood type A and Taurus signify in Sarah Chen’s case? How might she be understood through a modern personality framework?
陈淑桦的老歌迷都知道她的血型是A、星座是金牛座。这种知识在我看来不可思议。我连自己的星座是什么都不知道,更不用说别人的。但从当年对陈淑桦的报道中看来,血型和星座是她公众形象的一部分,地位不亚于她的生日和爱好2,3.
血型和星座是那时对陈淑桦性格的一种说法。1983年新加坡报道说陈淑桦是A型血,所以事业心强4。1986年台湾报道说陈淑桦对母亲的愿望是变成A型血,这样她俩就会更和谐5. 1988年香港采访中,陈淑桦说由于她是金牛座的人,处事比较被动,如果当初没有被发掘,自己不太可能去寻求歌唱机会6。
我们不知道陈淑桦和那时媒体是不是真正相信血型、星座与性格的联系。血型论在东亚有一定的影响力7, 但它没有任何数据支持8, 包括来自台湾的研究9. 但血型论之所以出现在当年报刊里,是因为血型和星座是本人没法控制的,以血型和星座替代性格,就不用指责到底是谁做错了什么。
那么A型血和金牛座代表了陈淑桦性格的哪方面?如果去掉这些没有科学证据的说法,现代心理学会对陈淑桦的性格做什么样的分析?
Personality is relatively stable, especially after early childhood10. It also has a strong genetic component, accounting for about 50% of the variance11. While not as fixed as blood type and astrological sign, personality affects her decisions and thus deserves a place on Sarah Chen’s singer profile2.
A widely accepted theory describes personality along five dimensions: openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism (OCEAN)1. These traits are typically measured through both self-reports and informant reports. Neither is available for Sarah Chen, but the period reports provide enough material to make an informed estimate of how she might score on the Big Five factors.
Although grounded in those reports, this is not a scientific assessment. The reports also reflect Chen’s public persona, which may differ from her private self. Even with these limitations, a data-driven reading of her Big Five profile helps us understand Sarah Chen as a singer and gives insight into her music.
人的性格相对稳定,尤其是成年后10. 性格有很大的遗传性,遗传因素对性格的影响大概占一半11. 虽然性格不像血型和星座一样固定,但它影响歌手做的决定,所以是陈淑桦歌手档案的一部分2.
现代人格心理学将人格(及性格)划分为五个方面:对新事物和观念的接受程度(开放性),做事情是不是尽力而为(尽责性),有多外向(外向性),是不是顺从别人的意见(宜人性),情绪是不是容易波动(神经质,或:情绪敏感性)1. 人格测试通常由自己或亲近的人来回答。陈淑桦没有自己做测试,也没有亲近的人替她做测试。但当年的报刊里有不少她自己或熟人的话,这些资料足以将她的性格摆在「五大人格论」的框架里。
以下篇幅有局限。首先,它不是根据人格测试来的,所以不是科学的说法。其次,这些报道表现的是陈淑桦的公众形象,不一定是她私下的性情。虽然有这些局限,「淑桦五大人格」不是编造的,而是根据当年的报道做的推论。它取代了过时的血型或星座论,以现代人格论的框架来重新理解歌手的性格和音乐风格。
Using period reports, we estimate where Sarah Chen could fall on the five personality factors, starting with those we can infer most confidently and ending with those we judge with less certainty. Together, these reports allow us to reconstruct not just Chen’s public persona, but how she likely functioned as a singer.
5.1. Conscientiousness 尽责性 — High ● ● ● ● ●
The clearest and best-supported Big Five trait in the period reports is Sarah Chen’s consistently high conscientiousness. Tan Jian-Chang said12,13: “During recording, Sarah Chen emphasized technique. Even after I was satisfied, she would sometimes request another take.” After failing to advance in the 1984 Golden Bell Award competition, Chen said that the experience drove her to pursue perfection in her later work13. Reports from Singapore and Malaysia also frequently described her as a perfectionist who always strove for the best14–16.
5.2. Openness 开放性 — High ● ● ● ● ●
Openness refers to a willingness to accept new ideas and try new things. Period reports provide clear evidence that Sarah Chen was high in openness, as she repeatedly experimented with new musical directions, welcomed new collaborators, and sought change rather than repetition17. The best example comes from her own words in a 1985 report18. Chen said that although it would have been easy to continue in the same production style as her popular albums, “I want to try new changes; no matter whether they are good or bad, I will make a bold attempt.” Chen also liked learning from other singers and attended many of their concerts19.
5.3. Extraversion 外向性 — Low to Moderately Low ● ● ○ ○ ○
The period reports suggest that Sarah Chen was low to moderately low in extraversion. Her work required frequent public engagement, but multiple reports describe her as quiet and introverted. A 1984 report from Taiwan said that her mother was more outgoing than Chen20. In a 1986 Singaporean report, her mother even apologized to the reporter for Chen’s shyness21. Faced with greater demands for public interaction after her 1985 Golden Bell win, Chen made a conscious effort to become more talkative22. Still, she listed one of her shortcomings as “not talkative, not good at dealing with others"23, and preferred quiet activities such as reading, listening to music, and spending time with family16.
5.4. Agreeableness 宜人性 — Moderately Low ● ● ○ ○ ○
In the 1980s, East Asian cultural norms often encouraged women to appear agreeable, which may have affected how Sarah Chen was described in period reports. This makes agreeableness more difficult to assess with confidence.
Reports suggest that Chen was warm toward fans and friendly with reporters24,25, but less accommodating on matters of principle. A 1988 report16 quoted her as saying that “unless I made the decision myself, nobody could change my mind.” Years later, collaborator Kay Huang described her as “principled,” even stubborn. At the same time, Chen was agreeable to her parents. A 1987 report said that Chen had developed the habit of communicating with her mother, which helped them reach agreement5.
Taken together, these reports suggest that Chen is selectively agreeable in some situations. But she is ultimately guided by her own judgment, especially on matters of principle. We therefore place her in the moderately low range on agreeableness.
5.5. Neuroticism 情绪敏感性 — Moderate to moderately high ● ● ● ○ ○
The period reports portray a singer who was moderate to moderately high in neuroticism. Although Chen functioned very well under stress and remained in control of her work, she reported anxiety over both personal relationships and work. She admitted she feared facing failure after winning the Golden Bell Award, and that stress of recording a new album made her prone to catching colds 26. After twice breaking up with a long-time partner, she said that fear of losing another relationship made her unwilling to begin a new one15,27. In an interview after the 1985 Golden Bell Award, Chen said that in moments of emotional instability, her mother was the only one who could calm her down28.
Thus, the Big Five profile shows Sarah Chen as a highly conscientious singer who was open to new ideas and musical directions. She was introverted yet publicly engaged, reasonable yet unyielding, and moderately neurotic without losing control (Figure 1).
The Big Five profile shows Sarah Chen as a highly conscientious singer who was open to new ideas and musical directions. She was introverted yet publicly engaged, reasonable yet unyielding, and moderately neurotic without losing control.
Figure 1. Sarah Chen's Big-Five factors according to period reports.
图1:根据当年报刊总结出来的陈淑桦「五大人格」。注:“神经质”是中文课本的用词,但其实是不精确的翻译。更贴切的用词是「情绪敏感性」。
以下五大人格的划分是根据当年台湾、新加坡、马来西亚和香港地区对陈淑桦的报道(1983至1988早期)。我们信心比较足的性情摆在最前,列在最后的是我们相对不确定的性情。以下的积分不仅显现了陈淑桦这位歌手的性情,也帮助我们理解她的音乐。
5.1. 尽责性 Conscientiousness — 高 ● ● ● ● ●
报道中最明确的性情是陈淑桦非常高的尽责性。谭健常说12,13: “陳淑樺在錄音時,極注重演唱技巧。有時我這關明明已通過,她卻主動喊NG.” 1984年金钟奖落空后,陈淑桦说她闭门思过了一周,仔细研究自己表演上不完善的地方13. 新马地区的报刊也常提到陈淑桦的敬业精神,凡事要尽善尽美14–16.
5.2. 开放性 Openness — 高 ● ● ● ● ●
开放性指的是对新鲜事物和观念的寻求和接纳。当年的报道看出陈淑桦的开放性非常高:她不断尝试新的曲风,换新的制作人,每张专辑后都在寻求转变而不是重复滚雪球17. 关于她开放性最好的例子是1985年报道中她自己的说法18. 她说要延续以前的唱片制作很容易,「但我想尝试更多的改变,不管好不好,都要大胆一点去试。」陈淑桦也喜欢观摩别的歌手的演唱会,从中吸取新东西19.
5.3. 外向性 Extraversion — 低/偏低 ● ● ○ ○ ○
在外向性上,陈淑桦处于低或中等偏低,那就是说她的性格比较内向。但她的工作是对外的,和她的性格有出入。1984年台湾报道说她母亲比她开朗20. 1986年一次新加坡记者采访中,母亲向记者客气地说「我们淑桦,不太会做人啦,什么应酬,什么场合,她都不喜欢出席,完全是你们帮忙啦。」21. 1985年赢得金钟奖后,陈淑桦对外的工作增加,她做了些调整,一次在马来西亚对记者说:「(我)是变得多话了,你不觉得我以前很少话吗?」22. 尽管如此,在1987年台湾采访中,她将自己的缺点列为「不易沟通,话太少」23, 而在歌唱外她偏爱的是安静的事,如在家阅读、听音乐、收集茶具、和家人聊天16.
5.4. 宜人性 Agreeableness — 偏低 ● ● ○ ○ ○
八十年代东亚文化对女人的期望是随和。这种期望影响了报刊对陈淑桦性格有多”顺“方面的报道,所以我们不能做准确的判定,但综合来讲,她的宜人性偏低。
多篇报道表明陈淑桦珍惜歌迷,对媒体也非常友善24,25, 但她讲原则。1988年为「女人心」做宣传时的采访中16,记者说她是一位柔顺的淑女。陈淑桦说:「我很柔,但一点都不顺。」她说她“有个人的原则,除非她自己决定,否则任谁也改不了她的想法”。离坛数年后,黄韵玲说陈淑桦其实是个非常固执的人。 另一方面,陈淑桦是有名的孝女。1987年的报道说她和母亲合作了十年,“不管做什么,陈淑桦总习惯事先与妈妈沟通“。她说如果和母亲有出入,「也是妈妈的好意,一般而言,我都是接受的。」5.
这些报道表明陈淑桦的顺从是有选择性的。总的来说她做事有自己的原则,不容易受他人意见左右。这是为什么我们将她的宜人性划在低或者中等偏低。
5.5. 情绪敏感性 Neuroticism — 中上 ● ● ● ○ ○
第五大人格的英文术语是 "neuroticism,"中文课本通常翻译为“神经质”。不幸的是,这个中文翻译不准确,仿佛是暗示“神经病”,和英文词意不符。Neuroticism更准确的含义是情绪敏感性,指的是人容不容易情绪起波动。
从当年报道看来,陈淑桦在情绪敏感性上属于中等或中等偏上。她的工作压力大,要求高,而她三十年生涯都成功地渡过了风雨,所以她有她的稳重。但同时,不管是工作上还是情感生活中,她都流露出一些担忧。金钟奖后,她坦言说不再继续角逐金钟是因为害怕失败;而录制新唱片的压力通常让她容易感冒26. 在两度失恋后,她表示既害怕分手又不愿开始新的感情15,27. 金钟奖后的采访中,陈淑桦说在情绪起伏时只有她母亲才有办法「治」她28.
综合来说,从「五大人格」理论的框架看来,陈淑桦是非常有责任感和勇于创新的歌手。她性格内向但必须面对公众,做人有自己的原则、不会轻易妥协,在情绪上比较敏感但不至失控(图一)。
从「五大人格」理论的框架看来,陈淑桦是非常有责任感和勇于创新的歌手。她性格内向但必须面对公众,做人有自己的原则、不会轻易妥协,在情绪上比较敏感但不至失控。
How does Sarah Chen’s personality shape her music? Among the Big Five traits, conscientiousness, openness, and (low) agreeableness are especially important. Without her openness to new musical directions, Chen would never have explored so many genres or reinvented herself album after album.
Without her exceptionally high conscientiousness, Chen’s music would not have been this good – so good that it moved even an anti-fan like me, encountering her work decades later, to labor over music she had long left behind.
Without her low agreeableness, Chen would not have held so firmly to her own taste, style, and choices. The internet had unfairly framed her as the vessel for songwriters and producers, even fulfilling Jonathan Lee’s dreams. But the truth is, Chen was decidedly unaccommodating – her first collaboration with Lee in the album “Woman’s Heart” was full of conflicts17,29. According to Ding Xiaowen, the music we hear is what Chen chose to make, not what Lee asked of her.
Music offered Sarah Chen, an introverted and sensitive singer, a way to express the love and warmth she felt. The incredible depth in her music came from an introvert looking inward and finding a soul steeped in the most intricate and beautiful human emotions—emotions that my words fail to describe are captured by Sarah Chen’s music.
陈淑桦的性格如何影响她的音乐?在五大人格中,尽责性、开放性、和较低的宜人性对她音乐的走向有极大的影响。如果不是因为她对新音乐方向有极高的开放性,陈淑桦的音乐绝不会那么多样化,也不会每次出唱片都换新的造型和歌路。
如果不是因为她有极高的尽责性,陈淑桦的音乐不会达到尽善尽美的高度——她的作品如此的完美,在她退离数十年后还能打动像我这样的反粉。「记忆的门」这一两年来的工作是陈淑桦音乐优质的见证。
若不是陈淑桦的固执,她也不会多年来坚守自己在音乐上的审美观、演唱风格、和歌路的选择。三十年来网上舆论总说她是李宗盛捧红的人,李宗盛自己也说「淑桦其实是实现了我的梦想」,但这些只是片面之词。当年的报道表明陈淑桦绝不是没有主见、受人指使的歌手。她和李宗盛第一次在「女人心」中的合作是两人吵架吵出来的17,29。丁晓雯说,听了李宗盛「别说可惜」的弹唱,完全没想到陈淑桦最后唱出来的版本完全不同。
陈淑桦内向而敏感,音乐给她提供了表达温暖和深情的方式。她音乐的深度来自于一个内审的歌者,在自己内心深处寻找她体验到的、人和人之间最贴切和美丽的感情。那些我的文字描述不出来的感情,烙在了陈淑桦的歌声里。
1. Goldberg, L. R. The structure of phenotypic personality traits. Am. Psychol. 48.
2. 陈淑桦歌手档案 (1986). (1986).
3. 陈淑桦歌手档案 (1988)——陈淑桦什么都哇塞!. (1988).
4. 新加坡记者. 陈淑桦有三个愿望——第一做到了,第二正在进行,第三有待努力. (1983).
5. 陈淑桦/亦步亦趋的专制妈妈. 台湾报刊 (1987).
6. 祝明楼. 陈淑桦懒惰怨星座 小念头惹祸. 香港报刊 (1988).
7. Furukawa, T. A study of temperament by means of blood groups. Jpn. J. Psychol. 2.
8. Nawata, K. No relationship between blood type and personality: Evidence from large-scale surveys in Japan and the US. Jpn. J. Psychol. 85.
9. Wu, K., Lindsted, K. & Lee, J. Blood type and the five factors of personality in Asia. Personal. Individ. Differ. 38, (2005).
10. Roberts, B. W. & DelVecchio, W. F. The rank-order consistency of personality traits from childhood to old age: A quantitative review of longitudinal studies. Psychol. Bull. 126.
11. Buchard, T. J., Lykken, D. T., McGue, M., Segal, N. L. & Tellegen, A. Sources of human psychological differences: The Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart. Science 250.
12. Tan, J.-C. 回忆: 谭健常谈与陈淑桦的合作. 谭健常谈与陈淑桦的合作 s(2020).
13. 蕭容慧. 屡败屡战的歌手——记金钟奖得主凌峰、陈淑桦. 台湾光华杂志 (1985).
14. 惠美. 来去太匆匆,陈淑桦为秀忙. 心姿少女(台湾) (1986).
15. 新加坡记者. 陈淑桦两度失恋 不再给男人多机会. 新加坡报刊(简体字) (1988).
16. 新马地区记者. 陈淑桦选择不再沉默. 新马地区报刊 (1988).
17. 威威. 痛苦中完成「女人心」陈淑桦大马行钟情榴莲. 马来西亚报刊 (1988).
18. 邓土. 陈淑桦不让生命交白卷. (1985).
19. 香港记者. 陈淑桦难忘的。。。. 香港报刊 (1988).
20. 碧姬. 陈淑桦泉甘甜. 台湾报刊 (1984).
21. 综艺杂志. 陈淑桦首次公开男友身世,这一段情已快成历史. 综艺杂志 (1986).
22. 惠芹. 陈淑桦追求平实满足的快乐(大马生日). 马来西亚报刊 (1987).
23. 朱秀琴. 三歌后在海边说心事. 台湾报刊 (1987).
24. 尤方近. 陈淑桦谈得奖后待遇:金钟奖换来二十场义演. 马来西亚报刊 (1987).
25. 陈淑桦. 陈淑桦十九日来马,亲笔写信问候歌友. 马来西亚报刊 (1986).
26. 滢之. 陈淑桦害怕输不起不敢贸然开演唱会——因演唱会牵涉太大,做起来不轻松. 180 (1986).
27. 芳进. 陈淑桦述初恋故事:对爱情充满憧憬,感情世界不再空白. 马来西亚报刊 (1988).
28. 辜振滨君. 揭开“金钟歌后”陈淑桦的星路历程:“浪迹”歌坛多年,伴侣仍在“天涯”,她要“打开失去钥匙的心锁”. 台北航讯 (1985).
29. 鱼儿. 陈淑桦突破十五万大关(女人心). 马来西亚报刊 (1988).
This site was enriched by the generosity of a long-time Sarah Chen fan from Malaysia, C.Y., who shared her personal collection of clippings and magazine articles spanning much of Chen's career (1983-1996).